Bangladesh And Global Studies (Class -V) by Ismail Sir ~ Future Gen International School

Class – V

Subject – Bangladesh and Global Studies

Chapter One - Our Liberation War

1. glorious – splendid , magnificent

2. struggle - fight back , fight

3. notable – remarkable , distinguished

4. mass upsurge – MY

5. overwhelming - awesome- AwffyZ Ki, e¨vcK

6. barbaric – extremely cruel- ee©‡ivwPZ , AgvwR©Z

7. undisputed – unquestionable – m‡›`nvZxZ, mywbwðZ

8. appointed – chosen – wb‡qvwRZ , cQ›`K„Z

9. war – fight, battle - hy×

10. formation – structure - MVb

11. at a glance – GK bR‡i

12. apart from – GQvovI

13. combined – collective , united - mw¤§wjZ

14. strategy – plan, tactic - ‡KŠkj , KvR Kivi Rb c×wZ

15. numerous – plentiful, copious - AmsL¨

16. risk- hazard , menace - SuywK

17. essential – AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq

18. resistance – ‡iva , _vgv‡bv , `gb Kiv

19. momentum – impetus

20. moreover – furthermore, in addition - AwaKš‘

21. invader – attacker, aggressor - AvMÖvmb Kvixiv

22. victories –weRqx

23. unarmed – without arm, defenseless- wbim&ª

24. massacre – mass murder , annihilation – MY nZ¨v, aŸsm Kg©

25. mass – gathering, collection - MY

26. raider – attacker -

27. slaughter – kill, murder, massacre - nZ¨v K‡iwQj

28. collaborator – partner, teammate , colleague , associate – mn‡hvMx

29. intellectual – thinker, scholar - eyw×Rxwe

30. rampage – ivnvRvwb, jyUZivR

31. military – armed - ‡mbvevwnbx

32. talented – brilliant - ‡gavwe, cÖwZfvm¤úbœ

33. capture – arrest, confine - `Lj K‡iwQj

34. martyr – a person who suffers very much or is killed because of their political or religious beliefs, and is often admired because of it - knx`

35. brutal – vicious - cvkweK

36. repression – oppression, tyranny - wbh©vZb

37. torture – afflict , agony - hš¿bv`vqK AvNvZ Kiv,wbh©vZb Kiv

38. support – mg_©b Kiv

39. shelter – asylum, refuge - Avkªq †`qv

40. refugee- kibv_©x , gnv‡Ri

41. attacked – Avµgb K‡iwQj

42. emerged – Avwefy©Z n‡qwQj

43. rare- `yj©f, Lye Kg, K`vwPr ,mPivPi cvIqv hvqbv Ggb

44. numerous – plentiful - AmsL¨

45. infinite – never ending, unending - Amxg

46. irreparable – beyond repair, permanent - Ac~ibxq

47. miserable – despondent - Kó`vqK ,Ki“b

48. irrespective – abx-Mixe, wn›`y -gymjgvb , esk †MvÎ we‡ePbv bv K‡i

49. sacrifice – DrmM© Kiv (fvj Kv‡R Kó m

50. contribution – Ae`vb

51. enormous – AmsL¨

52. interim – ga¨eZ©xKvjxb, Aš—ewZ©Kvjxb

53. form – MVb Kiv

54. in order to – D‡Ï‡k¨

55. regional – AvÂwjK

56. courage – mvnm

57. fearless – wbf©‡q

58. abroad – we‡`‡k

59. exploitation – ‡kvlb

60. involved - RwoZ

Answer briefly:

a. Where and when was Mujibnagar government formed? Who were the members?

Ans. The Liberation War in 1971 is a very glorious history for our nation. After a long time dispute the then leaders could not find any solution to continue an unbroken country Pakistan. So it became inevitable to fight for freedom of East Pakistan called Bangladesh.

At the very beginning of the liberation war the leaders could realize to form a government to represent the country in the world. As a consequence in 10^th April, 1971, an interim government was formed, known as Mujibnagar Government. This government took oath on 17^th April on Meherput district’s Baidyanathtala village (current Mujibnagar Upazila) at place name Ambagan.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was the appointed as the president and Syed Nazrul Islam played the role of acting president. Tajuddin Ahmed became the Prime Minister. Some other ministerial posts were run at the leadership of Syed Nazrul Islam and Tajuddin Ahemd.

b. Describe the importance of Mujibnagar government in our liberation war.

Answer: It was very necessary to form a government to dictate the freedom fighters and to seek favour of the world nations. Whenever the Mujibnagar government was formed it constituted Muktibahini on 11 July, 1971. Colonel Muhammad Ataul Goni Osmani (later general) was appointed as the Commander- in- Chief and group captain A.K Khondoker was appointed as the deputy Chief of Muktibahini. Under their leadership there formed 11 sectors for executing Muktibahini.

Actually this Mujibnagar government played vital role to operate the whole nation to the destination of liberation. That is why the role of Mujibnagar government was very important.

c. Who formed the Muktibahini?

Answer: Muktibahini was the force to execute liberation war. Muktibahini was formed by combined participation of military and civil people. The regular liberation force consisted of the military officers and soldiers. They were called ‘Muktifoz’. On the other hand the irregular force was formed with the representative of different strata of civil people. Some small battalions were formed within different regions of the country. ‘Kaderiya Bahini’ and ‘Maya Bahini’ are the most notable among them. Common people stood beside the freedom fighters by taking risks of their lives. They inspired the freedom fighters to keep fighting by helping them with food and other essentials. Women played very vital roles in performing the tasks. The ethnic minorities of this country actively participated in this war.

d. How did ordinary people participate in the liberation war?

Ans: It became very necessary, the role of civil people; to fight for the freedom of the country. Ordinary people came forward to help the freedom fighters. The male members actively took part in liberation war. Some helped the freedom fighters secretly. Many women took training and they fought frontal war. During the war numerous common people stood beside the freedom fighters by taking risks of their lives. They inspired the freedom fighters to keep fighting by helping them with food and other essentials. Women played very vital roles in performing the tasks. The ethnic minorities of this country actively participated in this war. Only the Rajakaar went against the fighters.

e. What kind of tortures and oppressions carried out by Pakistani army during the liberation war?

Ans: From the beginning of the war the Pakistani military showed extreme cruelty to eliminate the Bangalees. Massacre of the Pakistani military began on the dark night of 25^th March. The suddenly attacked the on helpless Bangalees and took lives of many people. Thousands of unarmed Bangalees around the country were killed. They carried out indiscriminate looting and unjust arrests. Many villages were burned down. They killed millions of people and turned numerous places of Bangladesh into slaughter land. Many Bangalees left their houses fearing tortures and loot. About 10 million Bangladeshi took refuge in India.

f. Why do we observe Shahid Buddhijibi Dibash on 14^thDecember?

Ans: Buddhijibi or intellectuals are the scholars of a country. They make plan and give instructions for the development of a country. In 1971 our intellectuals played important part in inspiring the freedom fighters and civil people. Pakistani rulers could realize it. So by the help of the some collaborators they killed many intellectuals. This killing mission went on at utmost part of the liberation war when they realized that their defeat was inevitable. They killed professor Govindachandra Dev, Professor Munir Chowdury, Professor Mofazzal Haider Chowdury, Professor Anwar Pasha, Journalist Selina Parvin so on. This killing was done from 10 to 14 December. So in order to pay our homage to the intellectuals we observe 14^th December as Shahid Buddijibi Dibash.

g. Describe the significance of Liberation War?

Ans: Liberation is our birth right. As a human being any conscious person should enjoy some rights. But sometimes it is achieved so easily. We achieved our country through liberation war. We got our own land and our flag. So the liberation war is for everyone and everyone can enjoy equal right in the country. Now we work hard to make the country beautiful. We can now think that the beauty of the country is the beauty of the nation. We must remember the freedom fighters and we must pay homage to them. We will try to make the country according to the dream of the freedom fighters.

Read the rest of the handouts below .............................

Chapter – Two

Our Bangladesh: The British Rule

1. Rule - canon, statute- kvkb

2. Apart from – GQvovI

3. Gradually – slowly, stedily- µ‡g µ‡g

4. Survive – stay alive, live, live on - wU‡K _vKv

5. Consequence – outcome, result, effect- cwibwZ , dj

6. Massive- huge, gigantic, colossal -e¨vcK, wekvj

7. About – concerning, in relation to, on - m¤ú‡K©

8. Grandson- - bvwZ

9. Rivalry - opposition, enmity- evav , cÖwZeÜKZv

10. Battle - fight, clash, combat- jov

11. Conspiracy –plot, scheme- lohš¿

12. Influential – powerful, significant, dominant -kw³kvjx, Zvrch©c~b© , ¸i“Z¡c~b©

13. Dislodge –get out, remove- ¶gZvPy¨Z Kiv

14. Throne- wmsnvmb

15. Governor- director, administrator - cÖ‡`‡ki †bZv, cÖavb

16. Annulled – cancelled , negated - evwZj Kiv, mwi‡q †`qv

17. Differentiate – make different, set apart - cv_©K¨ Kiv

18. Fulfill – complete, execute - cyY© Kiv

19. exploit – take advantage of , utilize - ‡kvlb , AwaKvi ewÂZ Kiv

20. Spread – swell, broaden - Qwo‡q cov

21. Backward – toward the back, toward the rear - ‡cQ‡b

22. Aware of – conscious, attentive- mRvM

23. Renaissance – rebirth, new start, revitalization - cybtRvMib

24. To get rid of – gyw³cvIqv

25. Mutiny – revolt, rebellion, uprising - we‡`ªvn

26. Intense – strong, powerful, passionate - e¨vcK

27. Conscious- mindful, awake - m‡PZb

28. Role – function, task- fywgKv

29. Pioneer – lead the way, initiator - AMÖ`~Z

30. Separate – disconnect, divide -Avjv`v

31. Contributor – donor, supplier, provider – Ae`vb ivLv

32. Occur- take place, happen, come about- NUbv NUv

33. Advance – go forward, move forward, move on - AMÖMwZ

34. Portion – piece, part , segment - Ask

35. Fortune – luck, destiny, fate, chance – fvM¨ , fvM¨

Answer briefly

a. Why did the battle of Palashi take place? What was the result of this battle?

Answer: “Battle of Palashi” has great effect in history of Bangladesh. The British merchants (British East India Company) and the conspirators of the country were very much inimical with Nawab Siraj –ud- Daulah. There were different kinds of conspiracy against the Nawab. His close people like his aunt Ghaseti Begum and the Commander –in- chief of his army Mir Zafar Ali and others could not tolerate him in the throne. Meanwhile the British had many disagreements with the Nawab for various reasons.The opposition forces of Nawab made an alliance with English as part of conspiracy. All of them kept trying to dislodge the Nawab. As a result the Nawab’s army had a battle on the borders of the Palashi on 23^rd June, 1757. The Nawab lost because of his army chief Mir Zafar’s betrayal on the battle field. Later Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah was murdered. The British rule in the Bengal was introduced because of this war.

b. What was the impact of British rule upon the economy and education of the Bengal?

Answer: The British rule has great impact in the economy of Bengal. It also has some positive impact on education. Though the main objective of the British rule was exploitation and making profit, during the 200 years of British rule huge amount of wealth and resources were drained out from the country. The agriculture and loom, the backbone of the Bengal were also damaged in many ways. Numerous craftsmen became unemployed. During the company rule there was a devastating famine occurred in Bengal in 1770 (Bengali year 1176), which is known as ‘Chhiyattor er Monontor’.

On the other hand the British realized that the people were very uneducated. Mostly the women were in backward position. In this situation the British introduced English education. Schools, colleges and universities were established for expansion of education. Gradually an English educated class of people was formed in Bengal due to introduction of modern and English education. A portion of these people started to become conscious. They started to become aware of many of the existing society’s prejudice and bad customs. These people helped to create Bengal renaissance in the 19^th century.

c. Describe the importance of the sipahi mutiny in 1857?

Answer: The sipahi mutiny in 1857 has great importance in the history of Bangladesh. As the people of the Bengal could realize that they would not be treated well by the British rulers. They did not accept the rule of the British without resistance. Several movements held by the Bengals since the late 18^th century till 19^th century. Among them the sipahi mutiny of 1857 was the first anti-British freedom fight. The main objective of this mutiny was to end the era of British rule and to make India independent. The British controlled the mutiny very rigorously. Many innocent people were executed indiscriminately.

Although the sipahi were defeated, the fall of the East India Company began from this mutiny. Since this mutiny the rule of Queen Elizabeth of the British was started. As a result of advanced education and renaissance the sense of nationality has been developed in Bengal or India in the 19^th century. This has helped to form a political party ‘Indian National Congress’ in 1885. The British government decided to divide the Bengal province 1905 to stop the nationalist movement. A new province was formed taking East Bengal and Assam together. There was an intense movement against this division of the Bengal. Thus the British were forced to annul their attempt to divide the Bengal province in 1911. Meanwhile in 1906 a political party named ‘Muslim League’ was formed in 1911 to put forward the claims and demands of the Muslim society. The people of Bengal started to become conscious about their homeland. Khudiram, Master-da Suryasen and Pritilata Waddedar were executed for taking part in campaign against the British rulers. Many Bengali leaders played important roles in national independence movement. The British were forced to leave this country at one point because of these diversified and continuous movements. In 1947 India became independent and two separate states were formed namely India and Pakistan.

d. How did Titumir, Suryasen and Pritilata contribute in the freedom campaign against the British?

Answer: The history of India’s independence is history bloodshed. After the possession of the British the people of Bengal were ruled and oppressed by the British rulers. It became very necessary to free the nation from the British rule. Many movements were driven against British rule. Some leaders played important role in progressing the movements. Titumir, Suryasen and Pritilata contributed in the freedom campaign.

Titumir: There were many movements held against the British. Among them Titumir’s movement, Forayezi movement, Saotal mutiny are prominent. The story of Titumir’s bamboo fort is still highly talked. Titumir built a fort with bamboos in Nalkelbariya village of Chobbish Porgona district in the West Bengal of present India. The port was made to get rid of exploitations and tortures of the British and the Zamindars. He died during the war.

Suryasen: Master-da-Suryasen was the pioneer of independent subcontinent. He protested against British rule and campaigned against them. For taking part in campaign he was executed. (put to death – nZ¨vKiv )

Pritilata: Both Pritilata and Master-da- Suryasen were pioneers who protested against the British rulers. They campaigned against Briitish rule. Pritilata voluntarily sacrificed her life when she was caught by the British.

e. What was the result of renaissance in Bengal?

Answer: The ultimate result of renaissance in Bengal is noteworthy. Although it was contributed by the British rulers, it inspired the conscious people. They started to become aware of many of the existing society’s prejudice and bad customs. There was social reform and expansion of education, literature and science. Some of the contributors of renaissance were Raja Ram Mohan Rai, Iswarchandra Bidyasagar, and Michael Madhusudan Datta and others.

Chapter – Three

Historical Places and Monuments of Bangladesh (evsjv‡`‡ki HwZnvwmK ¯’vb I wb`k©b )

1. Historical – chronological – HwZnvwmK

2. Heritage – inheritance, legacy - heritage /ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ /-t ̬ɪdʒ/ noun [ U ] features belonging to the culture of a particular society, such as traditions, languages or buildings, which still exist from the past and which have a historical importance - c~e©m~ix‡`i †_‡K cÖvß

3. monument – tombstone, gravestone, memorial – (a statue or building that is built to honour a special person or event , an old building or place which is an important part of a country's history) – HwZnvwmK `vjvb ev AUªvwjKv

4. Evidence – proof, confirmation, verification – mv¶¨ , cÖgvY , `wjj

5. Western – cwðg, cwðgv

6. Numerous – plentiful , copious – AmsL¨, cÖPzi

7. Inscription – writing, caption - ‡Lv`vB Kiv , †jLv

8. sculpture- statue, monument – fv¯‹h©

9. Fortress – fort, citadel, fortification – `yM©

10. Civilization – evolution, development - human society with its well developed social organizations, or the culture and way of life of a society or country at a particular period in time – mf¨Zv

11. Research – investigate , examine – M‡flYv, cix¶v

12. Archaeological – involving or relating to archaeology – cÖZœZZ¡ welqK

13. archaeology , US also archeology /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/ /ˌɑːr.kiˈɑː.lə-/ noun [ U ]

the study of the buildings, graves , tools and other objects which belonged to people who lived in the past, in order to learn about their culture and society – cÖZœZZ¡

14. Miraculous- amazing, astounding, astonishing – A‡jŠwKK, wek¥qKi

15. Mythological – legendary, fabled (connected with myth) – †cŠiwYK

16. myth /mɪθ/ noun ANCIENT STORY an ancient story or set of stories, especially explaining in a literary way the early history of a group of people or about natural events and facts

17. Notable – distinguished, prominent -

18. Domed – M¤¢yR

19. architecture /ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃə r / the art and science of designing and making buildings

20. Supervisor – administrator, controller – ZZ¡veavqb Kiv

21. Currently – at present, presently – m¤cÖwZ , eZ©gv‡b

22. Turned into – cwieZ©b ev e`j nIqv

23. Zamindari – e„wUk kvm‡bi mg‡q fywg e¨venv‡ii cÖwµqv ( G‡¶‡Î Rvwgb`vi Rwgi gvwjK n‡q Ab¨‡K BRviv w`Z)

24. Preserve – conserve , safeguard – msi¶b ev wbivc` ivLv

a. Describe some of the historic monuments of Mahasthangar.

Ans. Mohastangar is a famous historic site of Bangladesh. They carry evidence of history of Bangladesh since 400 years BC to next 1500 AD. The city was built during Maurya Dynesty. There are important monuments of ancient heritage in this place. A Brahmin inscription was found here. It is the most ancient inscription of the Bengal. Religious antiquities like ‘Govinda Bhita’ ‘ Lakshindarer Medh’ and ‘Gokul Medh’ have been found in Mahasthangar. An old shattered fortress is also be seen here. At the eastern sides there are sign of wide ditches. There is still many broken stones inside the fortress. A special kind of stone was found here named ‘Khodai Pathor’.At the south east corner of Mahasthangar there is a one domed mosque which was built during the Mughal period. It is known as Mahasthangar Mosque.

b. What monuments were found in Swampur Bihar?

Ans. The most antiquity of Paharpur is known as ‘Swampur Mahabihar’. It was built in the period of King Dharmapala. There are 177 secret chambers surrounding the convent. In the center there is a tall temple. There are many small temples and ponds around it. Moreover there are signs of kitchen, dining room, brick drains and well. Inside the ruins of Paharpur some images of terracotta statue were found. Most of them are stutues of animals Bengal. Also some lime soil and metal sculptures were found. The antiquties of Paharpur are one of the unique historic monuments of ancient Bengal’s religion and culture. Every year many local and foreign tourists visit Paharpur. There is a museum and rest room for the travelers.

c. What images were there in the terracotta of Mynamoti?

Ans. Mynamati is situated eight kilometers south west from Comilla city. The legend of King Manik Chandra’s wife, Mynamati is related to this place. The Terracotta plates had images of miraculous animals and mythological sceneries. Among these the most attractive images and sceneries are of real creatures like lions, weasel, fighting cobra snake, horse, running elephant, swan in the lotus, etc. There were also notable sceneries warriors with swords in hand, men and women in dancing position etc.

d. Of which period’s historic monuments were found in Sonargaon?

Ans. Sonargaon is another historic location of Bangladesh. The monuments which are found indicate that it was the capital city of the Bengal Sultan in the medieval age at the period of Muslim rule. It was the capital of Isa Khan and his son Musa Khan, the most powerful among the twelve Bhuiya of the Mughal Empire. It was the famous business center at that time.

e. Describe the monuments of Lalbagh Fort.

Ans. The fort of Lalbagh is one of the notable historic monuments. It is situated at the south west end of the current Old Dhaka near Buriganga river. The construction of this fort began 1678 during Dhaka’s Subedar by Shahjada Mohammad Azam, son of Mughal Emperor Aurangeb. There are two entrance paths at the north and south sides of the fort. At the south entrace there are many secret tunnels to exit. There is a court hall named ‘Diwan-e-Aam’, three domed mosque and a pond inside the fort. There is also the tomb of Pori Bibi, daughter of Shayestha Khan.

The specialty of the Lalbagh fort is that it is completely made of bricks. There are high brick walls around it. There is an open space in the center of the fort. The Mughal rulers used to live in beautiful tents in the open space. There is a small two storied palace. It has been made museum now.

f. Why should we be respectful towards the historic monuments of Bangladesh?

Ans. Historic monuments are invaluable possession of a country. They bear the testimony of our ancient people. The historic Mahasthangar carry evidence of history of Bangladesh since 400 years BC to next 1500 AD. The city was built during Maurya Dynesty. There are important monuments of ancient heritage in this place. The most antiquity of Paharpur is known as ‘Swampur Mahabihar’. It was built in the period of King Dharmapala. Besides Sonargaon, Lalbagh Fort, Ahsan Monzil are historic monuments of our country. These monuments carry the significance of our ancient civilization and culture. These monuments make us feel proud. Therefore we should be respectful towards the historic monuments of Bangladesh.

Chapter Nine

We All Are Equal

1. Type – aiY , iKg

2. Dissimilarities – Awgj , AmvgÄm¨

3. Prefer – AMÖvwaKvi

4. Talent – cÖwZfv , †gav

5. Tolerate – mn¨ Kiv

6. Repetitively – evi evi Kiv

7. Rotating – †Nviv

8. Disorder – G‡jv‡g‡jv Ae¯’v , AmvgÄm¨

9. Symptom – j¶b

10. Autistic – cÖwZeÜx

Answer briefly.

a. Which children are called autistic children?

Answer: In our society we live with various kinds of people who are somehow different from other and who behave and think different way. But there are some who like to talk too much and some prefer keeping quiet. Some like to paint, some love to learn music and some are good at sports. Among them some are very different in behavior. They do not wish to play together. They always remain quiet and they do not prefer to become noisy as of other but stay alone. They do not respond when they are called by their names. They do not look at other people’s eyes. Among them there are many who cannot tolerate other people’s touch. They get angry if anyone tries to show them affection and they look like they do not understand love. This type of man cannot talk normally because they cannot remember many words. Sometimes they utter same words over and over again. Sometimes they talk in third person instead of talking first person. They do same works repetitively, like –switching on and off a switch over and over again, or rotating head, moving fingers in front of the eyes etc. The people who behave such way are autistic.

b. Describe two characteristics of autistic friends.

Answer: An autistic friend may act in different unusual way. Two characteristics of an autistic man are: some autistic become angry even they are given loving touch. Sometimes they utter in same word again and again.

c. How can you help the autistic friends in your class?

Answer: An autistic friend can cause many types of problem. We have to understand their condition. We will find out what they like and what they do not like. We will help them. We will not disturb them. We shall not disturb them unnecessarily. We will cooperate with the teachers to help them in the teaching. Last of all we will take special care so that they can get the highest support from the class environment.

Chapter Ten

Democratic Attitude (MYZvwš¿K AvPiY)

1. Opinion – outlook - gZvgZ

2. Suggestion – idea, plan - civgk©

3. Decision – verdict, judgment - wm×vš—

4. Majority – mainstream, great part - ‡ewkifvM

5. Willingness – eagerness - AvMÖn

6. Accepted – established, received - MÖnYK‡iwQj

7. Maintaining – upholding, keeping - i¶v K‡i

8. Altogether – in total, all the whole - mevB wg‡j GK‡Î

9. Behavior – action, deed - AvPiY

10. Complete – total, whole, entire - m¤ú~b©

a. What is democratic attitude?

Answer: Democracy means power is held by elected government or by the people themselves. In a democratic culture decision has to be taken following the opinions of majority of the people. Making a decision based on the opinions of the majority of people and obeying the decision, is called democratic attitude.

b. Why should the members of the society be democratic?

Answer: Democracy means power is held by elected government or by the people themselves. In a democratic culture decision has to be taken following the opinions of majority of the people. Decision that comes from only one person might not be right one. Other might object the decision. Decision of the majority can be right decision. So we should be the member of the democratic society.

c. How does democracy help to form a peaceful society?

Answer: In a democratic country government is elected by the people, the government works for the people and it is thought that the people of the country play role to make a decision. In a democratic society the government respect everyone opinions and take decision on the basis of the opinion of majority. No one is forced to do anything. They learn to be tolerant of the other’s opinion. Thus there remains a tolerant environment in society which helps to form a peaceful society.

d. As a citizen of Bangladesh why do we need to have democratic attitudes?

Answer: In a democratic country government respect everyone opinion and take decision on the basis of the opinion of the majority. No one is force to do anything. As a citizen of a democratic society we can enjoy freedom of speech. If we all develop democratic attitude, we all will be tolerant and this will help to run the country peacefully. So we need to have democratic attitudes.

e. How can we practice democracy in our homes?

Answer: At our home we have many members. Always single decision does not work well. If we discuss an issue we will be able to share the matter. In this way it is easy to take responsibility as well share. By sharing plan that is related to family matter we can practice democracy in our home.

f. How can we practice democracy in our class? (cÖkœwU wb‡q fve‡e)|

Chapter Eleven

Gender Equality

1. Equality- impartiality – mgZv

2. Consists on – MwVZ

3. Male – cyi“l

4. Female – bvix

5. Role – fywgKv , cvV

6. Enroll- register – ZvwjKv fy³ Kiv

7. Constitute – comprise – MVb K‡i

8. Aware of – mRvM

9. Acknowledge – admit , allow , accept – ¯^xKvi Kiv , cÖvwß ¯^xKvi Kiv

10. Overall – in general – ‡gv‡Ui Dci

11. Discrimination – bias , unfairness – ‰elg¨

12. Contribution- donation, role – Ae`vb

13. Look after – ‡`Lvïbv Kiv

14. Universal – worldwide – wek¦Rbxb , wek¦e¨vwc

15. Involve – engage – RwoZ nIqv

16. Conference – meeting, consultation, – m‡¤§jb

17. Objective – purpose, goal, intention – D‡Ïk¨ ,

18. Physically- bodily – kvwiixKfv‡e

19. Reason – cause , motive– KviY

21. Therefore- so, consequently, as a result – ZvB

22. Childhood – early days, boyhood – evj¨Kvj , evj¨Rxeb

23. Betterment – Av‡iv DbœwZ Kiv

24. Respectful – reverential, courteous – kª×vkxj

25. Violence – aggression, hostility – ivnvRvwb, mš¿vm

Answer briefly

1. Briefly write about the contribution of Begum Roquia in women’s education.

Answer: Begum Roquia is the pioneer of women’s liberation movement. Before her attempt to educate the Bengali women no one took attempt to educate the women. She could realize that if women who represent the whole half of the total population remain backward the nation or society cannot progress. She opened a girls’ school at Bhagalpur named after her husband “Sakhawat Memorial Girls’ School.” She worked hard to collect girls to go her school. She went door to door to request and appeal the parents to send their daughter to school as their sons. In this way she could start a school for the girls. Now we have many girls who can enjoy their rights and responsibility. On her time it was thought sin to think so. So the contribution of Begum Roquia in women education is valuable to all women who live in the subcontinent.

2. What sort of treatment is done towards the male child and female child in our society?

Answer: From the very outset of civilization female group were considered as subservient to male and it is also happening now. In our society girl children and women are deprived from their rights in many ways. People behave differently to female and male children. Household works such as making the house tidy, looking after younger sibling, helping mother in cooking are done by the girls. Usually boys are not asked to do these works. Boys and girls are not treated equally in case of games and sports and giving gift as well. For example- girls are given doll and boys are ball. Due to such differential behavior towards boys and girls from early childhood, they start to think differently. Because of many excuses girls are not sent to school and do not inspire them to be educated.

3. Briefly describe about women’s day.

Answer: Women’s Day is a day to honour the status and work of the women. Now women of our society enjoy their right and can feel free in planning and thinking. But it was no so before 1857. In New York of United State of America, women and men worked together in a sewing factory. But they did not get fair wages even after working 12 hours daily. On 8^th March of 1857 the female laborers of the factory got onto street with their demands for fair wages and eight hours of work. At that time the police attacked and arrested many of them. After a long battle on 1910 in an international socialist’s conference, German leader Clara Zerkin declared 8^thMarch as international women day. Later on UN declared 8^th March as International Women’s Day. On this day program are held on different issues to create awareness in society including ensuring women’s rights.

4. What are the main reasons of violence against women?

Answer: The main reason of violence against women is because of the low social status of women compared to men. Moreover, lack of education, poverty, economic dependence, different kinds of prejudice etc are responsible for violence against women.

5. What are the negative effects of violence against women?

Answer: The effect of violence against women is very harmful. If a girl becomes victim of domestic violence then it affects her both physically and mentally. The mother who are subject to torture due to domestic violence, the children’s psychological and physical growth interrupted. Oppressed women cannot go to work in time. They cannot give attention to their work; so they become financially looser.

6. What is the reason of violence against women?

Answer: There are various reasons of violence against women. A crucial reason of violence against women at household level is dowry. The other reasons are illiteracy, superstitions, excessive dependence on male partner etc.

Chapter Four

Economy of Bangladesh: Agriculture and Industry.

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3. Exports – ißvwb Kiv

4. Imports – Avg`vwb Kiv

5. Directly – mivmwi

6. Indirectly – c‡iv¶c‡_, Ab¨‡Kvbfv‡e

7. Contribute – Ae`vb ivLv

8. Fiscal – miKvwi ivR¯^ msµvš—,

10. Wheat – Mg

11. Maize – fyUªv

12. Oilseed – ‡Zj exR

13. Increase – e„w×Kiv

14. Extract- Lbb Kiv , mwi‡q †bqv

16. Popularity – RbwcÖqZv

17. Region –AÂj

18. Almost – cÖvq, KvQvKvwQ

19. Mustard – mwilv

20. Partially – AvswkK

21. Quantity – cwigvb

22. Especially – we‡kl K‡i

24. Demand – Pvwn`v

25. Currency – gy`ªve¨ve¯’v

26. Involved – RwoZ

27. Suitable – Dc‡hvMx

28. Prominent – L¨vZ, bvgKiv

29. Harmful – ¶wZKi

31. Advanced – GwM‡q,

32. Crucial – RwUj, Ri“ix

33. Notable – j¶¨bxq

34. Abroad – we‡`‡k

35. Employed – wb‡qvMK…Z

36. Maintaining – i¶bv‡e¶b K‡i

37. Brass – wcZj Zvgv Øviv ˆZwi avZz

38. Apart from – GQvovI

39. Manpower – RY kw³

40. Exchange – wewbgq Kiv

Answer briefly

a. Write the name of main agricultural products of Bangladesh.

Answer. Bangladesh is an agricultural country. There are many kinds of agricultural products in our country. Some are agricultural food products and some are cash crop. The main food products are: - paddy, wheat, pulses, potato, oilseeds and spices. Some cash crops are Jute, tea and tobacco.

b. Describe two agricultural cash crops of Bangladesh.

Answer. The main cash crops of Bangladesh are jute, tea and tobacco. Of them two most exported cash crops are jute and tea.

Jute: Jute is the main cash crop in Bangladesh. The highest amount of jute in the world is produced in Bangladesh. Bangladesh earns a large amount of foreign currency every year by exporting jute and jute goods. Thus jute is called “Golden Fiber’ in Bangladesh. Jute is cultivated in all regions of Bangladesh. Every year about 4.5 million metric tons of jute is produced in Bangladesh. A large number of people of this country are involved in jute cultivation and trading. As a result the major part of economy of people of Bangladesh depends on jute.

Tea: Tea also plays an important role in the economy of Bangladesh. The climate of Bangladesh is suitable for cultivation of tea. There are many tea gardens in Bangladesh. Bangladesh produces huge amount of tea every year. The tea of Bangladesh is famous in foreign countries. Bangladesh earns a lot of foreign currency from exporting tea. Thus it becomes a source of earning foreign currency.

c. Mention the contributions of industries on economy of Bangladesh.

Answer. Bangladesh is industrially lagged behind country. Yet we have some industries which help to earn foreign currency. The leading industries of Bangladesh are – Jute industry, garments industry, sugar industry, sugar industry, pharmaceutical industry, compost industry and leather industry.

Jute Industry: There are many jute industries in Bangladesh. They produce sacks, gunny bags and jute items which are very popular in foreign markets. As a result by selling jute products our country earns foreign currency every year. Numerous people are involved in jute industry.

Garments Industry: There are many garments factories in our country. Most of the garments products are exported to foreign countries. About a million of women and men work in garments factories. Our country earns a lot of foreign currencies by exporting garment products.

Pharmaceutical Industry: Pharmaceutical industries now play an important part in the development of the country. High quality medicines are produced here. They are sold in different markets of the world. Now it becomes a source earning foreign currency of Bangladesh.

The others industries which are producing different kinds of goods have been playing role in the development of the country. Small and cottage industries have been playing crucial role in Bangladesh economy. Nowadays leather goods are also exported in abroad.

d. Describe the importance of garments industry in Bangladesh.

Answer. Garments are one of the most important industries of Bangladesh. Garments factories are established in different places of Bangladesh. These garments factories have created job opportunity for millions of people. Most of these garments are exported to foreign countries. The country earns lots of foreign currency by exporting garments products.

e. Write about the importance of small and cottage industries in Bangladesh.

Answer. Small and cottage industries are seen in village and town areas. There are many kinds of small and cottage industries in Bangladesh. Among these industries leather, soap, biri, silk, pottery, brass and wood industries are particularly important. These industries have been fulfilling the daily needs of people of our country. Huge numbers of people are getting employment in these industries. Small and cottage industries have been playing crucial role in Bangladesh economy.

f. Write the names of main export – import goods of Bangladesh.

Answer. Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries of the world. It does have many industries to boost up the total economy. Yet it has some industries which play vital role to develop our economy. Here are some export and import goods which have great important for the people of Bangladesh.

Exported Goods: frozen foods, readymade garments, raw jute, jute products, leather, tea etc

Imported Goods: the main imported goods are different machineries, raw materials for industries, food products; petroleum and petrol products.